In addition, the distinct trait of the bearing shoot falling in winter is related to the ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways12. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6464051 (2018). Moreover, 2000 years ago, jujube had spread throughout China, large-scale jujube commercial production areas had developed, and jujube had become one of the five most important fruit trees in China, namely, peach, apricot, plum, chestnut, and jujube. Propagating jujubes. Tortuosa), f. lageniformis (Nakai) Kitag. To perform nutritional analysis and intensive processing on jujube, efficient extraction and determination methods were established and optimized for 23 kinds of nutrient components (7 vitamins, 3 triterpenic acids, 8 amino acids, aromatics, cAMP, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and pigments) in jujube54,136,137,138,139,140,141,142. J Shandong Agric Univ 31:9194, Liu JQ, Halik W, Wang GS, Kasim Y (2012) Study on temporal and spatial distribution rules of characteristic fruit industry resources in Xinjiang. The traditional production region formation period (Zhou DynastyHan Dynasty, or 1000 BCE1 CE). Jujubes do best in warm, dry climates, but can tolerate winter lows down to -20 degrees F. (-29 C.). Coll.25, 3033 (2004). Huang, J. et al. Once the sucker has established a root system . J. Agric. Org.131, 175182 (2017). Fruit. Grades of Fresh Chinese Jujube Fruit (Standards Press of China, 2008). et al. Based on the main contents of jujube research, the landmark achievements and the supporting role for jujube industry development, this period can be further subdivided into three stages3the period of recovery after World War II (19491978), the period of accelerating development (19791999), and the period of comprehensive development (20002019). Resour.12, 539545 (2011). Process.8, 4547 (2014). Meanwhile, the expansion of the MDHAR gene family contributes to AsA regeneration. Ji, Q. Genome sequencing-based multiomics analysis combining transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and phenotypic data has taken horticultural research to a new level. Jujube leaves are rich in leucine, vitamin B6, carotene, betulinic acid, and ursolic acid, the flowers are rich in vitamin B1 and leucine, and mature fruits are rich in cAMP, functional sugars, vitamin B, triterpenic acid, proline, and some other important functional components in addition to the well-known carbohydrates and vitamin C. Jujube is an important traditional herb and tonic. Lizao on Ziziphus rootstock) tree plantations have been planted densely to increase income, with a spacing of 3 m between tree rows and 2 m between trees in rows. The rooting rate can reach as high as 95%96, but its cost and technical requirements are relatively higher than those of other propagation techniques. Univ.4, 7275 (1984). The evaluations have covered morphological, agronomical, cytological, palynological, nutritional, and reproductive biological traits, as well as biotic resistance and abiotic tolerance2,35,36,37. The same depth should be used to plant bare-root trees as in the nursery row (or no more than 1-inch below). J. However, jujubes and sour jujubes are very closely related, with cross-compatibility and transitional types between them. in China. Exploration and practice of a next generation cultivation system for Chinese jujube characterized by labor- saving, safety, high-quality and high-profit. Benefiting from late bud sprouting (~20 days later than peach), late flowering (June in North China) and a 2-month flowering period, jujube avoids late frosts and biennial bearing. What Makes a Root Produce a Sucker? Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, M. & Qian, J. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing (2016). Google Scholar. Stnic, F. & Vasile, S. A. Chinese datea new promising fruit plant for Romania southern areas. (8) International exchange and cooperation: enhancing global jujube research, production, and marketing; promoting more international research, including multicountry, multisite variety, and technology testing, within bilateral agreements and especially with the help of the Jujube Working Group of the International Society for Horticultural Sciences. Excavation and SSR identification of polyploidy germplasm resources in jujube trees. Until recently Chinese jujube was propagated primarily by root suckers. Growing jujube trees is not difficult as long as you have sandy, well-drained soil. Zhang, Z. The latter was further divided into Ser. & Wang, Y. Chinese Fruit Trees Record-Chinese Jujube (China Forestry Publishing House, 1993). Cv. J. Marketers prefer fruits that can be easily transported from production areas and have long shelf lives and large markets. Zhao, A., Li, D., Wang, Y., Sui, C. & Cao, Y. J. Hortic. Propagation is by seeds, although the commercial varieties must be propagated vegetatively by suckers, root cuttings, or grafting. Pruning is necessary if you want to keep your Jujube tree down to a manageable height. in Hetian, south Xinjiang province, northwest China. Under normal room temperature and humidity conditions, fresh jujube loses moisture quickly and loses crispness within 35 days. jujuba accessions using microsatellite markers. Auto-tetraploids differ greatly from their diploid counterparts in their morphology, cytology, and nutrient content79. Anther/pollen culture has also been practiced in jujube, and some plants have been generated from pollen73,83. Qu, Z., Li, S., Wu, Y., Sun, P. & Hu, J. Bi, J., Yu, J., Bai, S., Wang, P. & Ding, Y. M.L., J.W., L.W., S.Y., and F.S. Studies have also proven that sugar transport plays a significant role in sugar accumulation15,28 and jujube fruits have characteristics of nonclimacteric fruits15,29. Acta Hortic.840, 259262 (2008). It is distributed in at least 48 countries on all continents except Antarctica and is becoming increasingly important, especially in arid and semiarid marginal lands. The high level of sugar accumulation in jujube fruit is due to the expansion and high-level expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport. Zhang, X. Metabolomic Approaches Reveal the Physiological Mechanism of China Cointree as Jujubes Stock in Resistance to Jujube Witches Broom. Acta Hortic. Field Crop Res 100:249256, Ding SS, Su PX (2010) Effects of tree shading on maize crop within a poplar-maize compound system in Hexi Corridor oasis, northwestern China. (7) Nontraditional research fields: integrating the whole industry chain, the new fields of value-added products, related advanced technologies, and technical standards. J. J. Chin. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Genome-wide characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in Chinese jujube and jujube SSR primer transferability. Bare root trees should be planted the same depth as in the nursery row (or no more than 1-inch below). Period. Agr. & Jiang, K. Bionomics of a Polygus lucorum in jujube orchards. (Z. sativa Gatern. Wang, Z. et al. Qi, J. et al. Zhang, B., Chen, J. Sin.41, 14951510 (2014). After the beginning of the 21st century, much more attention was paid to intensive processing that highlights the characteristic nutrients of jujube. The Resistance of Jujube Trees to Jujube Witches' Broom - Springer & Liu, M. Discovery and evaluation of natural mixoploid (2x + 4x) variants in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Int. The overall objective should be to meet the various needs of farmers, processers, marketers and consumers. Wang, L. et al. In this agroforestry system, the jujube trees are grown simultaneously with cotton for 180-200 days. & Liu, M. Discussion about the scientific name of Chinese jujube and wild jujube. In recent years, equipment for jujube fruit sorting or integrated cleaning and sorting has been developed and widely applied in the jujube industry in China133,134,135. Zhang, Z., Wei, T., Zhong, Y., Li, X. & Zhou, B. Flora of China, Vol. heteroformis Hort., Z. jujuba Mill. in subtropical and tropical regions. Identifying the genetic diversity, genetic structure and a core collection of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Trans. However, green shoot cuttings (semilignified primary extension shoots, secondary shoots, and bearing shoots) root much more easily and have a high reproductive coefficient. Method 1: Hybrids are produced by using a male-sterile variety as the female parent and a variety with high pollen viability and compatibility as the male parent20,84. Mingxin Guo, Zhongren Zhang, Xusheng Zhao, Vance M. Whitaker, Steven J. Knapp, Sujeet Verma, Amy F. Iezzoni, Jim McFerson, Cameron Peace, Maria Jos Aranzana, Vronique Decroocq, Pere Ars, Weijian Zhuang, Hua Chen, Rajeev K. Varshney, Ratan Chopra, Evan B. Johnson, M. David Marks, Horticulture Research A new excellent tetraploid table cultivar of sour jujubeZhuguang. Even though agronomists have considered the spatial root distribution of plants to be important for interspecific interactions in agricultural intercropping, few experimental studies have quantified patterns of root distribution and their impacts on interspecific interactions in agroforestry systems. PDF Jujube Planting Instructions - Ison's Nursery & Vineyard Propagating jujubes | Agriculture and Food Several key factors of influencing fresh-keeping effect on Lingwu Chang Date industry in Ningxia. Effects of controlled atmosphere storage and calcium treatment on the storage of Chinese jujube in fresh state. Acta Hortic.993, 219224 (2013). ), sour jujube (Z. acidojujuba Liu et Cheng) and Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana L.). A new excellent early-ripening tetraploid table cultivar of Chinese jujubeHongguang. The fourth-generation technique is to induce polyploidy by treating in vivo calluses induced on branch cuts with colchicine, which could eliminate the severe mixoploidy formation from traditional polyploid breeding and directly produce pure polyploid shoots (Fig. Wang, L. et al. Liu, P. et al. spinosa Hu), four viewpoints have been reported66, i.e., that they are the same species, that jujube is a variety of sour jujube, that sour jujube is a variety of jujube, or that they are two different species. Jujube Tree Roots. Zhao, Z., Liu, M. & Tu, P. A bioactive polysaccharide isolated from the fruits of Chinese jujube. Period. Acta Hortic. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Starting with a superhigh density (0.5m1.0m), the density is gradually decreased to 1.01.5m4.0m. This new model obtains good yields (58t/ha) in the year of grafting (Fig. The domestication period (late Neolithic to the Shang Dynasty3000 YA). Agric Water Manag 87:6172, Rao MR, Sharma MM, Ong CK (1990) A study of the potential of hedge row intercropping in semi-arid India using a two-way systematic design. Plant Genet. Wang, L. et al. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Sin.41, 21152124 (2014). The genus Ziziphus was grouped into two sections based on geographical distribution, bearing shoot persistence, and leaf hairiness. Generally, growers prefer fruit trees that crop early, reach high and stable yields quickly, and have light pest pressure, easy management, low cultivation costs, and high economic benefits.